Reducing risk in long deep tunnels by using TBM and
2012-6-25 · This has been experienced in Norway where permanent single-shell B + S(fr) reinforced and supported tunnels, that have also been systematically pre-injected to control water, may even then be only 1/4–1/5 the cost of double-shell NATM-style tunnels, which use temporary support of B + S(mr)–but increasingly S(fr)–followed by drainage fleece, membrane and final reinforced concrete liner.
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